Units and Constants

Fundamental Constants

Physics constants of Oxygenated Compounds

Physics Constants of Hydrocarbons

 

Physics Constants of Hydrocarbons

ACETYLENE
Formula Molecular
weight

Boil Point 

(ºC)

Melt point
(ºC)
Sp.Gr.
g/cm 3
ºAPI Critical
Temperature
(ºC)
Critical
Pressure
(atm)
Combustion
Heat to 
15ºC(kcal/kg)
  Acetylene
    C 2 H 2
26.0 -83.8 -81.1 0.416 209 39.7 62 11530
  Methyl acetylene
    C 3 H 4
40.1 -23.2 -102.8 0.625 94.9 135.0 65 11041
  1-Butino
(Eetilacetileno)
    C 4 H 6
54.1 8.7 -122.5 0.650 86.2 190.6 65 10896
  2-Butino
(Dimethyl acetylene)
    C 4 H 6
54.1 26.9 -32.2 0.698 71.2 215.6 60 10818
  1-Pentino
(Propilacetylene)
    C 5 H 8
68.1 40.2 -106.1 0.696 71.8 220.1
10807
  2-Pentino
    C 5 H 8
68.1 56.0 -100.0 0.716 66.1 237.8
10751
  3-Methyl-1-Butino
(Isoprophyl acetylene)
    C 5 H 8
68.1 27.8
0.670 79.7 210.0
10779
  1-Hexino
(Buthyl acetylene)
    C 6 H 10
82.1 71.6 -132.0 0.720 65.0


  2-Hexino
    C 6 H 10
82.1 84.5 -88.0 0.736 60.8


  3-Hexino
    C 6 H 10
82.1 81.8 -101.0 0.727 63.1


  4-Methyl-1-Pentino
    C 6 H 10
82.1 61.2 -105.1 0.711 67.5


  4-Menthyl-2-Pentino
    C 6 H 10
82.1 72.2
0.719 65.3


  3,3-Dimethyl-1-Butino
    C 6 H 10
82.1 37.8 -81.2 0.673 78.7


 

AROMATICS
Formula Molecular
weight

Boil Point 

(ºC)

Melt point
(ºC)
Sp.Gr.
g/cm 3
ºAPI Critical
Temperature
(ºC)
Critical
Pressure
(atm)
Combustion
Heat to 
15ºC(kcal/kg)
  Benzene
    C 6 H 6
78.1 80.1 5.5 0.884 28.6 288.5 47.9 9601
  Toluene
    C 7 H 8
92.1 110.6 -95.0 0.872 30.8 320.6 41.6 9701
  o-xilene
    C 8 H 10
106.2 144.4 -25.2 0.885 28.4 357.2 37 9790
  m_xilene
    C 8 H 10
106.2 139.1 -47.9 0.869 31.3 346.1 36 9790
  p-xilene
    C 8 H 10
106.2 138.3 13.3 0.866 31.9 344.4 35 9751
  Ethylbenzene
    C 8 H 10
106.2 136.2 -94.9 0.872 30.8 346.1 38 9784
  1,2,3-Trimethyl-Benzene
    C 9 H 12
120.2 176.1 -25.4 0.900 25.7 382.2 32
  1,2,4-Trimethyl-Benzene
(Pseudocumene)
    C 9 H 12
120.2 169.2 -44.1 0.881 29.1 375.6 33 9795
  1,3,5-Trimetril-Benzene
(Mesitylene)
    C 9 H 12
120.2 164.6 -44.8 0.870 31.1 371.1 33 9823
  Prophylbenzene
    C 9 H 12
120.2 159.2 -99.5 0.866 31.9 365.6 34 9845
  Isoprophylbenzene
(Cumeno)
    C 9 H 12
120.2 152.4 -96.0 0.866 31.9 360.0 35 9851
  1-Methyl, 2-Ethyl-Benzene
    C 9 H 12
120.2 165.1 -88.1 0.883 28.7 372.2 34
  1-Methyl, 3-Ethyl-Benzene
    C 9 H 12
120.2 161.5
0.870 31.1 368.3 34
  1-Methyl, 4-Ethyl-Benzene
    C 9 H 12
120.2 162.5 -63.7 0.868 31.5 368.9 34

 

CICLOPARAFFIN
Formula Molecular
weight

Boil Point 

(ºC)

Melt point
(ºC)
Sp.Gr.
g/cm 3
ºAPI Critical
Temperature
(ºC)
Critical
Pressure
(atm)
Combustion
Heat to 
15ºC(kcal/kg)
  Cyclopropane
    C 3 H 6
42.1 -32.8 -127.0 0.615 98.6 124.4 54
  Cyclobutane
    C 4 H 8
56.1 12.6 -50.0 0.686 74.8 196.1 50
  Cyclopentane
    C 5 H 10
70.1 49.3 -93.7 0.751 56.9 243.3 46 10562
  Methyl-cyclopentane
    C 6 H 12
84.2 71.8 -142.4 0.754 56.2 271.1 42 10429
  1,1-Dimethyl-cyclopentane
    C 7 H 14
98.2 87.5 -76.1 0.760 54.7 287.8 42
  c-1,2-Dimethyl-cyclopentane
    C 7 H 14
98.2 99.3 -52.2 0.778 50.4 298.9 40 10379
  t-1,2-Dimethyl-cyclopentane
    C 7 H 14
98.2 91.9 -118.9 0.757 55.4 293.3 41 10379
  t-1,3-Dimethyl-cyclopentane
    C 7 H 14
98.2 90.8 -136.1 0.750 57.2 290.6 41
  Ethylcyclopentane
    C 7 H 14
98.2 103.4 -138.3 0.771 52.0 304.4 40 10429
  Cyclohexane
    C 6 H 12
84.2 80.7 6.7 0.784 49.0 281.1 40 10385
  Methylcyclohexane
    C 7 H 14
98.2 100.9 -126.4 0.774 51.3 301.7 40 10368

 

DIOLEFFIN
Formula Molecular
weight

Boil Point 

(ºC)

Melt point
(ºC)
Sp.Gr.
g/cm 3
ºAPI Critical
Temperature
(ºC)
Critical
Pressure
(atm)
Combustion
Heat to 
15ºC(kcal/kg)
  Propadiene
    C 3 H 4
40.1 -34.5 -136.1 0.595 106 120.6 70 11079
  1,2-Butadiene
    C 4 H 6
54.1 10.3
0.658 83.5 172.8

  1,3-Butadiene
    C 4 H 6
54.1 -4.4 -108.9 0.627 94.2 153.3 45 10663
  1,2-Pentadiene
    C 5 H 8
68.1 44.9 -65.0 0.697 71.5 215.6

  c-1,3-Pentadiene
    C 5 H 8
68.1 44.2
0.696 71.8 215.6
10585
  t-1,3-Pentadiene
    C 5 H 8
68.1 42.3
0.682 76.0 212.8
10585
  1,4-Pentadiene
    C 5 H 8
68.1 26.1 -147.9 0.665 81.3 176.7
10679
  3-Methyl-1,2-Butadiene
    C 5 H 8
68.1 40.0 -120.0 0.685 82.9 210.0

  2-Methyl-1,3-Butadiene
(Isoprene)
    C 5 H 8
68.1 34.1 -146.1 0.686 74.8 201.7
10535
  1,2-Hexadiene
    C 6 H 10
82.1 77.8
0.722 64.5 257.2

  1,3-Hexadiene
    C 6 H 10
82.1 72.8
0.710 67.8 251.7

  1,4-Hexadiene
    C 6 H 10
82.1 65.0
0.700 70.6 243.3

  1,5-Hexadiene
    C 6 H 10
82.1 59.6 -140.7 0.696 71.8 234.4
10551
  2,3-Hexadiene
    C 6 H 10
82.1 68.0
0.685 75.1 246.1

  2,4-Hexadiene
    C 6 H 10
82.1 80.0
0.725 63.7 260.0

  3-Methyl-1,2-Pentadiene
    C 6 H 10
82.1 70.0
0.720 65.0 248.9

  4-Methyl-1,2-Pentadiene
    C 6 H 10
82.1 70.0
0.713 67.0 248.9

  2-Methyl-1,3-Pentadiene
    C 6 H 10
82.1 76.1
0.724 63.9 254.4


  3-Methyl-1,3-Pentadiene
    C 6 H 10
82.1 77.2
0.740 59.7 257.2

  4-Methyl-1,3-Pentadiene
    C 6 H 10
82.1 76.3 -70.0 0.724 63.9 254.4

  2-Methyl-1,4-Pentadiene
    C 6 H 10
82.1 56.1
0.699 70.9 229.4

  2-Methyl-2,3-Pentadiene
    C 6 H 10
82.1 72.2
0.716 66.1 251.7

  2,3-dimethyl-1,3-Butadiene
    C 6 H 10
82.1 68.7 -76.1 0.731 62.1 246.1
10412
  2-Ethyl-1,3-Butadiene
    C 6 H 10
82.1 75.0
0.735 61.0 254.4

 

ISO - PARAFFIN
Formula Molecular
weight

Boil Point 

(ºC)

Melt point
(ºC)
Sp.Gr.
g/cm 3
ºAPI Critical
Temperature
(ºC)
Critical
Pressure
(atm)
Combustion
Heat to 
15ºC(kcal/kg)
  Isobutane
    C 4 H 10
58.1 -11.7 -159.4 0.563 120 135.0 36.0 10902
  2-Methyl-butane
(Isopentane)
    C 5 H 12
72.1 27.9 -159.7 0.625 94.9 187.5 32.4 10813
  2,2-Dimetio-propane
(Neopentane)
    C 5 H 12
72.1 9.4 -16.6 0.597 105 165.0 35 10746
  2-Methyl-pentane
(Isohexane)
    C 6 H 14
86.2 60.3 -153.9 0.658 83.5 225.0 31 10679
  3-Methyl-pentane
    C 6 H 14
86.2 63.3 -82.2 0.669 80.0 228.3 30 10685
  2,2-Dimethyl-butane
(Neohexane)
    C 6 H 14
86.2 47.7 -64.2 0.654 84.9 212.8 31 10651
  2,3-Dimethyl-butane
    C 6 H 14
86.2 58.0 -128.2 0.666 81.0 227.2 31.0 10674
  2-Methyl-hexane
(Isoheptane)
    C 7 H 16
100.2 90.1 -118.2 0.683 75.5 257.8 28 10640
  3-Methyl-hexane
    C 7 H 16
100.2 91.9 -119.4 0.692 73.0 262.2 28.5 10646
  3-Ethyl-pentane
    C 7 H 16
100.2 93.4 -118.6 0.703 69.8 264.4 28.5 10651
  2,2-Dimethyl-pentane
    C 7 H 16
100.2 79.2 -123.8 0.678 77.2 246.1 28.5 10613
  2,3-Dimethyl-pentane
    C 7 H 16
100.2 89.8
0.700 70.6 258.9 29 10635
  2,4-Dimethyl-pentane
    C 7 H 16
100.2 80.5 -119.5 0.678 77.2 247.2 28.5 10624
  3,3-Dimethyl-pentane
    C 7 H 16
100.2 86.1 -135.0 0.698 71.2 252.8 28 10624
  2,2,3-Trimethyl-butane
(Triptane)
    C 7 H 16
100.2 80.9 -25.0 0.695 72.1 248.9 29.5 10624
  2-Methyl-heptane
    C 7 H 16
114.2 117.7 -109.5 0.702 70.1 287.2 25 10607
  3-Ethyl-hexane
    C 8 H 18
114.2 118.6
0.718 65.6 288.3 25 10607
  2,5-Dimethyl-hexane
    C 8 H 18
114.2 109.1 -90.0 0.698 71.2 276.7 25 10596
  2,2,4-Trimethyl-pentane
(Isooctane)
    C 8 H 18
114.2 99.2 -107.3 0.696 71.8 268.3 27 10590

 

NORMAL PARAFFIN
Formula Molecular
weight

Boil Point 

(ºC)

Melt point
(ºC)
Sp.Gr.
g/cm 3
ºAPI Critical
Temperature
(ºC)
Critical
Pressure
(atm)
Combustion
Heat to 
15ºC(kcal/kg)
  Metane
    CH 4
16.0 -161.6 -182.5 0.300 340 -82.4 45.8 11950
  Ethane
    C 2 H 6
30.1 -88.9 -183.2 0.374 247 32.3 48.2 11352
  Propane
    C 3 H 8
44.1 -42.1 -187.6 0.508 147 96.8 42.0 11079
  Butane
    C 4 H 10
58.1 -0.5 -138.3 0.584 111 152.2 37.4 10935
  Pentane
    C 5 H 12
72.1 36.1 -129.7 0.631 92.7 196.9 32.6 10840
  Hexane
    C 6 H 14
86.2 68.7 -95.3 0.664 81.6 235.0 29.4 10696
  Heptane
    C 7 H 16
100.2 98.4 -90.6 0.688 74.2 266.9 26.8 10651
  Octane
    C 8 H 18
114.2 125.7 -56.8 0.707 68.6 296.1 24.6 10618
  Nonane
    C 9 H 20
128.2 150.8 -53.6 0.722 64.5 322.2 23 10590
  Decane
    C 10 H 22
142.3 174.0 -29.7 0.734 61.3 345.6 22 10574

 

OLEFFIN
Formula Molecular
weight

Boil Point 

(ºC)

Melt point
(ºC)
Sp.Gr.
g/cm 3
ºAPI Critical
Temperature
(ºC)
Critical
Pressure
(atm)
Combustion
Heat to 
15ºC(kcal/kg)
  Ethylene
    C 2 H 4
28.0 -103.7 -169.2 0.350 273 10.0 51 11280
  Prophylene
    C 3 H 6
42.1 -47.7 -185.2 0.522 140 91.4 45.4 10946
  1-Butene
    C 4 H 8
56.1 -6.3
0.601 104 145.0 39 10835
  c-2-Butene
    C 4 H 8
56.1 3.7 -138.9 0.627 94.2 157.8 37 10802
  t-2-Butene
    C 4 H 8
56.1 0.9 -105.4 0.610 100 154.4 37 10785
  Isobutene
    C 4 H 8
56.1 -6.9 -140.3 0.600 104 144.7 39.5 10768
  1-Pentene
(Armilene)
    C 5 H 10
70.1 30.1 -138.0 0.647 87.2 196.1 36 10763
  c-2-Pentene
    C 5 H 10
70.1 37.0 -179.0 0.661 82.6 203.3 35 10735
  t-2-Pentene
    C 5 H 10
70.1 36.0 -135.0 0.654 84.9 202.2 35 10724
  2-Methyl-1-Butene
    C 5 H 10
70.1 31.1
0.655 84.5 197.2 36 10707
  3-Methyl-1-Butene
(Isoamilene)
    C 5 H 10
70.1 20.2 -180.0 0.633 92.0 183.9 37 10735
  2-Methyl-2-Butene
    C 5 H 10
70.1 38.4 -132.8 0.667 80.6 205.0 35 10685
  1-Hexene
    C 6 H 12
84.2 63.6 -138.9 0.678 77.2 239.4 34 10618
  c-2-Hexene
    C 6 H 12
84.2 68.6 -146.1 0.689 73.9 245.0 34 10601
  t-2-Hexene
    C 6 H 12
84.2 67.9 -132.8 0.683 75.7 244.4 34 10590
  c-3-Hexene
    C 6 H 12
84.2 67.6 -135.0 0.684 75.4 244.4 34 10601
  t-3-Hexene
    C 6 H 12
84.2 68.1 -112.8 0.682 76.0 245.0 34 10590

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PHYSICS CONSTANTS OF OXYGENATED COMPOUNDS

ALCOHOLES
Formula Molecular
weight

Boil Point 

(ºC)

Melt point
(ºC)
Sp.Gr.
g/cm 3
ºAPI Critical
Temperature
(ºC)
Critical
Pressure
(atm)
Combustion
Heat to 
15ºC(kcal/kg)
  Methanol
(Alcohol methylic)
CH 3 OH 6
32.0 64.5 -97.6 0.796 264 240.0 78.7 4770
  Ethanol
(Alcohol ethyic)
C 5 H 5 OH
46.1 78.3 -114.4 0.794 201 243.1 63.1 6421
  Prophanol-1
C 3 H 7 OH
60.1 97.2 -126.1 0.808 165 263.7 50.0 7333
  Prophanol-2
(Alcohol isoprophylic)
C 3 H 7 OH
60.1 82.3 -89.4 0.789 161

7277
  Buthanol-1
C 4 H 9 OH
74.1 117.7 -89.8 0.814 141 287.2 48 7905
  Buthanol-2
C 4 H 9 OH
74.1 99.5
0.811 135


  2-Methyl-Prophanol-1
(Alcohol isobuthylic)
C 4 H 9 OH
74.1 108.0 -107.8 0.806 138

7877
  2-Methyl-Prophanol-2
C 4 H 9 OH
74.1 82.6 25.5 0.793 131

7788
  Penthanol-1
C 5 H 11 OH
88.1 138.0 -78.8 0.819 124

8300
  Penthanol-2
C 5 H 11 OH
88.1 119.5
0.814 118


  Penthanol-3
C 5 H 11 OH
88.1 115.6
0.826 117


  2-Methyl-Buthanol-1
C 5 H 11 OH
88.1 128.9
0.820 121


  2-Methyl-Buthanol-2
C 5 H 11 OH
88.1 102.1 -9.4 0.815 113

8194
  3-Methyl-Buthanol-1
(Alcohol isoamíthylic)
C 5 H 11 OH
88.1 131.8 -117.2 0.814 120

8261
  3-Methyl-Buthanol-2
C 5 H 11 OH
88.1 111.7
0.825 116


  2,2-Dimethyl-Prophanol-1
C 5 H 11 OH
88.1 113.3 50.0
117


  1,2-Ethanodiol
C 2 H 4 (OH) 2
62.1 197.5 -12.8 1.118 191

4080
  1,2-Prophanodiol
C 3 H 6 (OH) 2
76.1 188.3
1.042 152

5198
  1,3-Prophanodiol
C 3 H 6 (OH) 2
76.1 176.7

148

5253
  1,2,3-Prophanotriol
(Glycerine)
C 3 H 5 (OH) 3
92.1 290.0 18.3 1.265


3858

 

ALDEHYDE
Formula Molecular
weight

Boil Point 

(ºC)

Melt point
(ºC)
Sp.Gr.
g/cm 3
ºAPI Critical
Temperature
(ºC)
Critical
Pressure
(atm)
Combustion
Heat to 
15ºC(kcal/kg)
  Methanal
(Formaldehyde)
HCHO
30.0 -19.4 -117.8
178

4125
  Ethanal
(Acetaldehyde)
CH 3 CHO
44.0 20.3 -123.5 0.786 143

5859
  Prophanal
(Prophanaldehyde)
C 2 H 5 CHO
58.1 48.9 -81.1 0.812 120

6905
  Buthanal
C 3 H 7 CHO
72.1 75.1 -97.8 0.809 105

7555

 

CETONES
Formula Molecular
weight

Boil Point 

(ºC)

Melt point
(ºC)
Sp.Gr.
g/cm 3
ºAPI Critical
Temperature
(ºC)
Critical
Pressure
(atm)
Combustion
Heat to 
15ºC(kcal/kg)
  Prophanona
(Acetone)
C 2 H 6 CO
58.1 56.1 -94.9 0.795 122

6827
  Buthanone
(Methyl ethyl cetone)
C 3 H 8 CO
72.1 79.1 -86.4 0.810 106

7499
  2-Penthanone
C 4 H 10 CO
86.1 102.3 -77.8 0.812 93

7966
  3-Penthanone
C 4 H 10 CO
86.1 101.8 -40.0 0.820 93

7939
  3-Methyl-2-Buthanone
C 4 H 10 CO
86.1 93.7 -92.2 0.820 92

7922

 

ETHERS
Formula Molecular
weight

Boil Point 

(ºC)

Melt point
(ºC)
Sp.Gr.
g/cm 3
ºAPI Critical
Temperature
(ºC)
Critical
Pressure
(atm)
Combustion
Heat to 
15ºC(kcal/kg)
  Methyl-Ether
C 2 H 6 O
46.1 -24.2 -138.3
104 126.7 52 6860
  Ethyl-Ether
C 4 H 10 O
74.1 34.5 -116.3 0.719 84 193.9 35 8094
  Prophyl-Ether
C 6 H 14 O
102.2 90.1 -122.2 0.752 72

8689
  Isoprophyl-Ether
C 6 H 14 O
102.2 68.5 -85.6 0.729 67

8656
  Buthyl-Ether
C 8 H 18 O
130.2 142.2 -97.8 0.773 64

9034

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CONSTANTES FUNDAMENTALES

TYPE NAME SYMBOL VALUE
BASICS CONSTANTS Light speed / vacuum    c
2.997925 x 10 8 m/s
Avogadro's constant
N A
6.02252 x 10 23 molecule/gmol
Planck's constant h
6.6256 x 10 -27 erg-s/molecule
Faraday's constant F 96487 Columbios/equivalent
Absolute temperatura of freezing of the water:
0°C
32°F
 
T
T 32F

273.15 degree Kelvin
491.67 degree Rankine
Product pressure-volume for a mol of a idel gas to 0ºC (32ºF) and zero pressure
(pv) P=0
T 1.gif (87 bytes)
2271.06 J/gmol
22.4136 l-atm/gmol
DERIVED CONSTANTS Electronic loads
e=F/N A
1.6021 X 10 -19 Columbios
Constants of the gases
R=(pv) P=0 /T 1.gif (87 bytes)
T1.gif (87 bytes)
8.3143 J/gmol-K
1.9872 cal/gmol-K
1.9859 Btu/lbmol-R
82.053 cm 3 -atm/gmol-K
0.0821 l-atm/gmol-K
1545.2 ft-lbf/lbmol-R
10.731 psia-ft 3 /lbmol-R
62.366 mmHg-l/gmol-K
0.084778 (kg/cm 2 ) -l/gmol-K
0.7302 atm-ft 3 /lbmol-R
554.95 mmHg-ft 3 /lbmol-R
Boltzmanm's constants
K = R/N A
1.38054 x 10 -16 erg/molecule-K
Electron energy - Voltio eV
1.60207 x 10 -12 erg
DERIVED CONSTANTS Standard graveness
g o
980.665 cm/s 2
32.174 ft/s 2
Standard atmosphere atm
1.01325 x 10 6 din/cm 2
14.696 psia
Standard milimeter of mercury mmHg 1/760 atm
Calorie cal 4.184 J
Calorie (International charts of vapor) I.T. cal 4.1868 J
Liter l
1000.028 cm 3

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